Oxygen Sensor 31319665,234-4932,2344932 for VOLVO

Oxygen sensor classification
Oxygen sensors can be classified into various types based on their primary components and working principles, including but not limited to:
Zirconia Oxygen Sensor: This is currently the most widely used oxygen sensor, with zirconia (ZrO₂) as its main component. It converts the concentration difference between oxygen ions and oxygen molecules into a voltage signal, enabling control over the air-fuel mixture ratio in the engine. It operates within a broad temperature range, making it suitable for most automobiles.
Titania Oxygen Sensor: This type of oxygen sensor primarily comprises titania (TiO₂), and its working principle is similar to that of the zirconia sensor. However, it boasts an even wider operating temperature range, accommodating both high and low-temperature environments. Compared to the zirconia sensor, it responds more quickly, enabling more accurate monitoring of oxygen content.
Air-Fuel Ratio Sensor (AFR Sensor): The AFR sensor continuously detects the air-fuel ratio across the entire range from rich to lean mixtures. Unlike conventional oxygen sensors, it enables feedback control of the air-fuel ratio throughout the entire operating range of the engine, thereby optimizing fuel consumption, emissions, and overall engine performance in various regions. This sensor has a broad range of applications, primarily in diesel engines and hybrid vehicles.
Nitrogen Oxides Sensor (NOx Sensor): The NOx sensor is primarily used to detect the functionality of the three-way catalytic converter. When the NOx sensor detects a failure in the catalytic converter, it triggers an alarm, prompting the driver to carry out timely repairs. This sensor plays a vital role in environmental protection and emission control.
Front oxygen sensor damage symptoms:
Unstable idling: The engine may become unstable when idling.
Increased fuel consumption: Fuel economy deteriorates, and fuel consumption increases for the same driving distance.
Insufficient engine power: The engine feels powerless when accelerating, and the speed increases slowly.
Black smoke from the exhaust: Due to incomplete combustion, the exhaust gas may contain black particles.
The engine fault light is on: The engine fault indicator light on the dashboard may light up.
There is a rumbling sound from the engine exhaust: The exhaust system may make abnormal noises.
There is a pungent smell: The exhaust gas may contain an irritating smell.